The Italian Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement from the 14th to the 17th century, marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity. This era's art is epitomized by Leonardo da Vinci's "The Mona Lisa," with her enigmatic expression embodying Renaissance ideals of humanism and the profound psychological portrayal of character. Sandro Botticelli's "The Birth of Venus" celebrates classical antiquity, portraying mythological themes with ethereal beauty and grace, reflective of the era's rediscovery of ancient philosophies. Michelangelo's "The Creation of Adam," part of his Sistine Chapel masterpiece, signifies the fusion of art and religious narrative, with its vivid depiction of divine spark transfer highlighting the period's interest in the human form. These works not only demonstrate technical mastery and innovative use of perspective but also stand as enduring symbols of the Renaissance's transformative impact on Western art history.